TRPM8 overexpression suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma progression and improves survival by modulating the RTP3/STAT3 pathway
Background and Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant cancer with high rates of morbidity and mortality globally. Recent studies have suggested that TRPM8 may play a significant role in tumor development, though its exact function in HCC remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the expression levels, molecular functions, and underlying mechanisms of TRPM8 in HCC.
Methods: We analyzed tissue samples to assess TRPM8 expression and its potential as a prognostic marker. The effects of TRPM8 on cell proliferation were evaluated through Cell Counting Kit-8, EdU, and colony formation assays, while the Transwell assay was used to examine cell migration and invasion. In vivo, we utilized a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model to explore the role of TRPM8. Additionally, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were conducted to uncover the potential mechanisms of TRPM8 activity.
Results: TRPM8 expression was found to be reduced in HCC tissues, with a correlation to histological grade and poor patient prognosis. Functionally, TRPM8 inhibited HCC cell proliferation and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo by regulating the RTP3/STAT3 signaling pathway.
Conclusion: Our results highlight the pivotal role of the TRPM8-RTP3-STAT3 pathway in the progression of HCC. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that AD80 contributes to anti-tumor effects by enhancing TRPM8 expression.